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springmvc框架写到现在终于牵扯到小程序了(所以别说我“不务正业”),对于一个应用程序来说,它的本质其实就是无数个对数据进行增删改查的操作,这里起到至关重要的就是数据,于是这篇帖子的目的就是实现小程序与后台数据的交互。
小程序使用的是wx.request的api来提交和接收数据,最常见的就是接收后台传过来的json数据,并对其进行解析
先看运行结果:
这里总结springmvc框架的三种转json方法
后台 | 前台 | 返回前台的json格式 |
---|---|---|
对象/bean/实体类 | json | {“id”: 0,”username”: “”,”age”: 0} |
List<实体类> | json | [{“id”:1,”username”:”2”,”age”:1},{“id”:2,”username”:”3”,”age”:2}] |
Map<String,实体类> | json | {“success”:true,”detail”:[ ] } |
按步骤,从头开始来:
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:config/ybajax.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.mn</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
导入springmvc所需要的jar包:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1jIK6sb8
导入json所需要的jar包:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1i5bnggP
配置文件 ybajax.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="action"/>
<!-- 注册适配器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
<property name="messageConverters">
<list>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"></bean>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
注意json需要对应的适配器类
实体类:User.java (实现bean用到)和 Bean.java(实现List、Map用到)
package bean;
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private int age;
public User() {}
public User(int id, String username, int age) {
this.id = id;
this.username = username;
this.age = age;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
package bean;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Bean {
private List<User> listuser= new ArrayList<User>();
private Bean(){}
public List<User> getListuser() {
return listuser;
}
public void setListuser(List<User> listuser) {
this.listuser = listuser;
}
}
AjaxAction.java
package action;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import bean.Bean;
import bean.User;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class YbAjaxAction{
@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST,value="/bean2json")
public @ResponseBody User bean2json(User user){
return user;
}
@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST,value="/listbean2json")
public @ResponseBody List<User> listbean2json(Bean bean){
List<User> listuser=bean.getListuser();
return listuser;
}
@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST,value="/mapbean2json")
public @ResponseBody Map<String,Object> mapbean2json(Bean bean){
List<User> listuser=bean.getListuser();
Map<String, Object> mapuser=new HashMap<String, Object>();
mapuser.put("success",true);
mapuser.put("detail",listuser);
return mapuser;
}
//表单提交
@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST,value="/json2json")
public @ResponseBody User bean2json(@RequestBody Map<String, String> map){
String username="";
int age=0;
if(map.containsKey("username")){
username=map.get("username");
}
if(map.containsKey("age")){
age=Integer.parseInt(map.get("age"));
}
User user=new User(1,username,age);
return user;
}
}
@ResponseBody
: 该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区(用于返回json数据给页面)@RequestBody
: 该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上;再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上(用于接收前台的数据)
index.wxml
<view class="container">
<button bindtap="bean_json" class="btn">bean_json</button>
<button bindtap="listbean_json" class="btn">listbean_json</button>
<button bindtap="mapbean_json" class="btn">mapbean_json</button>
<view class="line"></view>
<form bindsubmit="json_json">
<view>
<view >username</view>
<input name="username" type="text" class="input_bg"/>
</view>
<view>
<view >age</view>
<input name="age" type="text" class="input_bg"/>
</view>
<button formType="submit" class="btn">json_json</button>
</form>
<text>{{show}}</text>
</view>
index.wxss
.container {
height: 100%;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
padding: 20rpx;
}
.input_bg{
background-color: #F8F8F8;
border-radius: 10rpx;
}
.btn{
background-color: #A65353;
margin: 20rpx;
border-radius: 10rpx;
color:#F8F8F8;
}
.line{
height: 1rpx;
width: 100%;
background-color: #A65353;
margin: 30rpx 0;
}
index.js
var app = getApp()
Page({
data: {
show:""
},
bean_json: function() {
var that=this;
wx.request({
url: 'http://localhost:8080/springMVC/user/bean2json.mn',
data: {
id:1,
username:"toBeMN",
age:28
},
method: 'POST',
header: {
"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
},
success: function(res){
var show="对象转json
username:"+res.data.username+
"
age:"+res.data.age;
that.setData({
show:show
})
}
})
},
listbean_json: function() {
var that=this;
wx.request({
url: 'http://localhost:8080/springMVC/user/listbean2json.mn',
data: {
'listuser[0].username':"Hello",
'listuser[0].age':18,
'listuser[1].username':"World",
'listuser[1].age':28
},
method: 'POST',
header: {
"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
},
success: function(res){
var show="list<对象>转json ";
for(var i=0;i<res.data.length;i++){
show+="
username:"+res.data[i].username+
"
age:"+res.data[i].age;
}
that.setData({
show:show
})
}
})
},
mapbean_json: function() {
var that=this;
wx.request({
url: 'http://localhost:8080/springMVC/user/mapbean2json.mn',
data: {
'listuser[0].username':"Hello",
'listuser[0].age':48,
'listuser[1].username':"MINA",
'listuser[1].age':58
},
method: 'POST',
header: {
"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
},
success: function(res){
var show="map<String,Obiect>转json ";
for(var i=0;i<res.data.detail.length;i++){
show+="
username:"+res.data.detail[i].username+
"
age:"+res.data.detail[i].age;
}
that.setData({
show:show
})
}
})
},
json_json: function(res) {
var that=this;
console.log(res.detail.value)
wx.request({
url: 'http://localhost:8080/springMVC/user/json2json.mn',
data: res.detail.value,
method: 'POST',
header: {
"Content-Type":"application/json"
},
success: function(res){
var show="表单提交返回json
username:"+res.data.username+
"
age:"+res.data.age;
that.setData({
show:show
})
}
})
},
onLoad: function () {
}
})
所有的映射处理都交由框架,我们只需要设置对的属性名、变量名,即可自动赋值
例如表单提交,这个应该是最常用的,因为小程序form提交后会将表单中的数据存入一个json串(如果表单中input的name没有写,则不会有数据,这是小程序内部映射的神奇之处),所以使用request请求的时候可以直接将json串传到后台解析,后台处理完业务在将结果json传回前台,这就是一个交互的过程。
如有不理解可以提出,yeah!